Illustrate and Critically Discuss the Representation of Gay People in Television Sitcoms or Soap Opera.

Illustrate and critically discuss the representation of gay people in television sitcoms or soap opera. As the issue of representation is central to this essay, it is important to note that there have been problems with identifying a definitive meaning of ‘representation’. Several theorists have commented on the concept of representation. Stuart Hall (1997: 61)) defines representation as ‘the process by which members of a culture use language†¦to provide meaning’.From this meaning, he says, we can already see that ‘representation’ cannot possibly be a fixed, unchangeable notion. While culture and language evolve and grow with human society, the same must therefore be said of the perceptions of ‘representation’. Gillian Swanson (1991: 123) backs up Hall’s theory, observing that ‘there can be no absolute version of ‘how things are’ but only many competing versions’. She continues: Ideas about what people are like and how they are meant to be understood already prevail in our culture.They give meaning to our sense of self and allow us to position ourselves in relation to others. Such meanings and attitudes are reproduced in representation but the way representations are constructed is as important as the ideas and meanings they project, since they offer positions for us, through which we recognise images as similar, or different from, ourselves and those around us. We continually define ourselves in changing relations to those meanings; images change over time and the meanings which are legitimated by the social or cultural context change as well.The general idea of ‘representation’ then, not only changes over time, but may also have several different interpretations at any given point. Alexander Doty and Ben Gove (1997: 84) argue that when discussing homosexual representation in the mass media and popular culture we must look ‘beyond understanding the â₠¬Ëœmass’ or ‘popular’ as necessarily meaning a mainstream media or culture that only addresses millions of heterosexuals’. They acknowledge another, ‘alternative’ mass media that runs parallel to the ‘mainstream’ mass media but has been pushed to the sidelines in the past.A conservative viewpoint would state that this is because the mass media should convey the will and desires of the ‘majority’ and therefore should not be made to positively represent anything that contradicts the society’s dominant ideology. However, Doty and Gove note that in recent years the lines between these ‘mainstream’ and ‘alternative’ mass media have become blurred with, for example, the screening of programmes written, starring and watched by lesbians, gays and queers on television.Having said that, this by no means implies that there is less of an issue to be raised by the representation of homosexuality on television. The most obvious issue surrounding this is, of course, the stereotyping of gay characters on television and, in particular, television sitcoms. While gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender characters did not appear in television sitcoms until the 1970s, modern television sees an entire genre of situation comedies featuring gays.These types of programmes are no longer written by the homosexual for the homosexual, but have become integrated within Doty and Gove’s ‘mainstream’ mass media. They discuss the importance of being aware of who finances, creates, publicises and exhibits a certain programme, and how these factors might affect the way that programme represents ‘queerness’. For example, the two creators of the ‘gay-best-friend’ sitcom Will & Grace are Max Mutchnick, who is gay, and David Kohan, who is straight.Arguably, the way in which ‘queerness’ is represented here may have benefited from having a homosex ual and a heterosexual input. This way, the show has more chance of appealing to a wider ‘mass’ audience. Consequently, it is possible that the gay, lesbian or queer characters featured in television sitcoms may have been tailored, in a sense, for a heterosexual audience. This could go some way to clarifying why Will & Grace, unlike many other similar sitcoms of its kind, has become so popular. Stephen Tropiano holds a simpler view, claiming that ‘the success of Will & Grace really comes down to one thing – it’s funny.What separates Will &Grace from the gaycoms that only last a few months has little to do with its politics and more to do with the talent of the performers and the quality of the writing and direction (mainly, James Burrows, one of the best in the business). ’ Swanson notes the ‘extreme and caricatured way in which [stereotyping] draws on commonly-held impressions and assumptions’. It may be assumed that the views Sw anson talks about are ‘commonly-held’ by the dominant, heterosexual audience that the mass media is seen to address.If this is the case, then this may account, in part, for some of the stereotyping of gays in television sitcoms. A more positive (and therefore acceptable) representation would make the programme much more accessible to a much wider audience. But what could be regarded as a ‘positive’ image of gays and lesbians in television? Doty and Gove note that many of the images regarded as ‘positive’ by, and that received praise from critics and watchdogs were ones that played down homosexuality or ignored the issue altogether, depicting gays as being ‘just like everyone else’ in their attempts not to make it a focal point.On the other hand, those images where gays were more explicitly depicted fared no better. Joshua Gamson (1998: 21) found that studies of the portrayals of gay men and lesbians in film and television ‘ha ve soundly demonstrated how homosexual lives have been subject to systematic exclusion and stereotyping as victims and villains’. For example, Gamson cites Vito Russo’s The Celluloid Closet, in which Russo argues that television has produced ‘stereotypical conceptualisations of AIDS that vilify gays and legitimate homophobia’. Doty and Gove take this a step further, observing that:By the late 1980s and 1990s, the recurring televisual image of gay men with AIDS sparked heated critical debates over exactly what kind of image it was: ‘negative’, because it depicted homosexuality as a victimhood that, yet again, ended in death; or ‘positive’, as it encouraged sympathy and even admiration for gay men through images of their courage in the face of death. They identify a bit of a grey area concerning the labelling of the representation of homosexual images as ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ in that different people wi ll look at these images from a variety of perspectives; there can be no universal interpretation of any given image.The same can be said of trying to define ‘realistic’ images of gays, lesbians and queers on television. Doty and Gove observe that there are two ways in which people recognise these ‘real’ images; some note that text expressively marks the imagery through dialogue or by showing physical or sexual activity. Recent examples of this are Matt Fielding (Melrose Place), Simon and Tony (Eastenders) and Beth Jordache (Brookside). Other people feel that realistic images do not need to use explicit text to gauge a character’s sexuality on the basis of other signs.Many viewers see characters like Mr Humphries (Are You Being Served? ) and Xena (Xena: Warrior Princess) as being gay, lesbian or bisexual. These two binary explanations of what constitutes as a ‘realistic’ image of queerness shows the difficulty in even defining what Ã¢â‚¬Ë œreality’ is for gays, lesbians and queers. It is difficult to define a ‘typical reality’ or, to put it another way, to recognise a general gay ‘identity’ in which to categorise them. Essentialist theorists state that they are bound together by the fact that their identities are determined by their sexuality.Donald Hall (2003: 42) suggests that such theorists would argue that ‘same-sex desiring individuals have always existed and that however much their context may have changed, they were, without a doubt, aware of their sexual desires and they must have thought of themselves as belonging to a distinct group of similar individuals’. While it makes sense that the individual would have been aware of their sexual desires, constructionist theory would perhaps note that historically they may not have been aware of any sense of belonging, rather one of detachment due to the cultural influences in society at the time.Constructionist theory, say s Hall, emphasises language and belief systems in order to determine identity. Richard Dyer (2002: 19) observes, rather importantly, that ‘a major fact about being gay is that it doesn’t show†¦the person’s person alone does not show†¦that he or she is gay’. He argues that there are ‘signs of gayness’ such as expressions, stances and clothing that ‘make visible the invisible’. Typification is a near necessity, says Dyer, for the representation of gayness, which he argues is the product of social, political, practical and textual determinations.He deduces that the social factor is an integral one from which gay people can be recognised: The prevalent fact of gay typification is determined by the importance of a social category whose members would be invisible did they and the culture not provide lifestyle signs with which to make recognition possible†¦It is probable that most gay people are for most of their lives in fact invisible. Acting and dressing gay may only be an evening or weekend activity; in particular, it may not be practised at the workplace, or for married gays at home either.Equally, many people who are homosexual may never identify with the various gay lifestyles, never, in this sense, define and produce themselves as gay. What Dyer conveys here is that to be classed as ‘gay’, a person must be able to identify with not only the inner, biological aspects of ‘gayness’ (as put forward by essentialism) but also with the cultural aspects around them (as suggested by constructionism). This in itself is quite stereotypical because of the presumption about what is ‘gay’. Those who do not conform to this ideal are classed as ‘invisible’.Accordingly, the images we have been seeing of gay characters in television sitcoms may only be representations of certain types of gay people, and it is difficult to know whether or not these people are a majority or a minority. Will & Grace attempts to deviate from the stereotypical notions of ‘gayness’ through its two gay main characters, Will and Jack, and provide an insight into ‘invisible’ gayness. James Keller (2002: 124) describes the two main male characters as ‘foils representing diversity within gay masculinity, a diversity which argues for and against gender stereotypes about gay men’.The name ‘Will’, Keller says, signifies resolution and courage while the surname ‘Truman’ suggests that Will is a ‘real man’. This is also put across in the way he dresses. As an attorney, his conservative style and uptight personality mean that Will shows little of the usual stereotypical traits that signal to an audience that he is gay. Keller compares him to the modern sensitive male (such as Ross Geller in Friends), and his primary relationships focus mainly on women, namely Grace.The name ‘Jack’ is reminiscent of a joker or jester, a clown basically. While ‘Truman’ represents composure and respectability, ‘McFarland’ implies waywardness and outlandish behaviour. Tropiano asserts that, similarly to Will, Jack ‘isn’t exactly gay either: he’s hyper-gay’. Keller describes Jack as ‘silly, irresponsible, immature, narcissistic, effeminate, insulting and promiscuous’, the epitome of the negative stereotypical gay male, ‘made lovable by humour and childlike unselfconsciousness’.Their apparent contradictory personalities are, says Keller, the ‘respective embodiments of the familiar and the unfamiliar, although, paradoxically, what is coded as familiar here is actually unfamiliar in the history of gay representation’. He notes that Will is presented as the ‘norm’ whilst Jack is portrayed as unusual among gay men in a respectable, middle class situation. While Will is offered as th e ‘preferable alternative’ to the stereotype of the gay man, because Jack is much funnier and more stylish than Will he could, points out Keller, easily also be a preferable alternative.This presentation of two very different types of gay men, both preferable to the stereotype, serves to not only expand the culturally accepted notion of ‘gayness’ (as part of its political agenda) but also works as a hook to keep its audience interested (the main function of the programme). In addition to this, Will and Jack have enough depth, enough layers in their personalities, to represent – arguably – a certain sense of ‘realism’. Tropiano explains ‘[Sean] Hayes and the writers have created a three-dimensional character who, beneath his somewhat shallow exterior, is a strong, confident person.As a gay man, he’s also completely comfortable with his sexuality. ’ Will, on the other hand, though smart and successful, is the cha racter that most needs personal guidance, about love and relationships in particular, and Jack is often on hand to give this advice. Between these two characters, then, are a fair number of characteristics that gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and straight people alike would be able to relate to in some way.Furthermore, Will & Grace compromises with the dominant ideologies by making the most important relationships in the lives of the two gay characters heterosocial and quasi-heterosexual. By doing this, the problems identified in earlier ‘gaycoms’ such as Ellen (which was axed for being ‘too gay’ and overly political) are overcome and, as a result, more meaningful, contemporary representations of gay people seen in the show are able to ease naturally into cultural ideology as opposed to being forced through. Vito Russo (1987:325) argues against Richard Dyer’s (and others’) theory of invisibility.He says that ‘gays have always been vi sible†¦it’s how they’ve been visible that has remained offensive for almost a century’. Joshua Gamson supports Russo, pointing out that, until recently, gays and lesbians had very little input into their own representations. Dominant ideologies have therefore held virtually all control over how gays have been represented in the past, leading to negative stereotypes of gays. To remedy this, Gamson argues that ‘more exposure is the answer’. However, this in itself poses problems, such as when considering the positive/negative images approach.Doty and Gove note that its critics have suggested that ‘most definitions of what constitutes a ‘positive’ image would restrict the range of gay and lesbian representation as much as so-called ‘negative’, stereotypical images do, by encouraging only bland, saintly, desexualised mainstream figures who might as well be heterosexual’. But herein lies the problem: dominant c ultural ideology has, throughout history, commanded how gay people are represented in society and on television, and only recently have they been able to acquire some control themselves.After a period of trial and error, the television sitcom Will & Grace, with its innovative balance of hetero and homosexual political comedy, could be making its mark on society. During this time, gays, lesbians, bisexuals and transgenders have been continually trying to become fully accepted as part of mainstream culture. However, the images approach has been criticised for attempting to do just that. In an ever-changing culture, is the gay community in a state of confusion about which direction it wants to go, and how it wants to be represented when it gets there?References †¢ Craig, Steve (1992). Men, Masculinity and the Media. London: Sage Publications Ltd. †¢ Dyer, Richard (2002). The Matter of Images: Essays on Representation. London: Routledge †¢ Gamson, Joshua (1998). Freaks Ta lk Back. Chicago: University of Chicago Press †¢ Hall, Donald E. (2003). Queer Theories. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan †¢ Hall, Stuart (1997). Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London: Sage Publications Ltd. †¢ Keller, James R. (2002).Queer (Un)Friendly Film and Television. North Carolina: McFarland & Company Inc. †¢ Lusted, David (edited by) (1991). The Media Studies Book: A Guide For Teachers. London: Routledge †¢ Medhurst, Andy and Sally R. Munt (1997). Lesbian and Gay Studies: A Critical Introduction. London: Cassell †¢ Tropiano, Stephen (2002). The Prime Time Closet: A History of Gays and Lesbians on TV. Kent: Combined Book Services Ltd. †¢ Russo, Vito (1987). The Celluloid Closet: Homosexuality in the Movies. 2nd Ed. New York: Harper & Row

Rational Choice Theory Essay

A Significant theory to me will be the Rational Choice theory. This theory explains how people make decisions by seeking the most cost-effective means to achieve a specific goal without reflecting on the worthiness of that goal; to maximize personal advantage by weighing costs against benefits without moral or ethical values. It is a popular theory as it is an efficient system that explains and predicts a behavior of a person, and to larger extent, a collective group of people. Understanding this theory would allow a person to understand quickly how decisions are made, and the impact of the decisions on a society — how it functions and performs economically. Based on this theory, people’s measured decisions are often calculated based on financial benefits and costs. Singapore, by and large, has functioned on this theory, which has benefited from this tool of measurement and prospered since the days of nation building. However, this theory will work perfectly only if eve ryone in the society shares the same values, had perfect information, and the ability to make the most rational decisions at any point in time. People living in a society with homogenous values, such as Singapore, have similar behavioural patterns, which enable this theory to work. However, on a global scale, this theory will no longer work as peoples’ values are varied and culturally diverse. The most rational choice for one man might be an irrational choice for another. And when this occurs, there will be unpredictability and the results that follow can be disastrous. The Great Financial Crisis is a good example of the rational choice theory gone awry. Financial institutions’ goal is to maximize profits. To maximize profits, financial institutions have to find ways to create profits. One of these methods was to get creative with offering mortgage to people who wanted to own homes. Credit terms were made easy and the securities in place to safeguard the process were ignored. These consolidated loans were sold to big investment banks which resold them as securities offering high returns. Credit agencies working for these investment banks told investors’ that securities were safe. Selling a financial product based on a large group on loans was supposed to limit the risk if a few loans went bad. However, a large number of loans, later known as toxic, were borro wed by individuals with no financial means. Furthermore, many of these loans were offered in the form of adjustable rate mortgage, which started out with an initial period of low interest rate, and later ballooned up to three times the initial rate. All these borrowers were saddled with a monthly mortgage payment way beyond their monthly income. To make matters worse, the sprint to own a house on such easy terms had created a housing bubble, causing house prices to escalate astronomically. This phenomenon further pushed people to borrow way beyond their means. Consequently, millions of homeowners were unable to repay their mortgage loans. The financial institutions disregarded moral and ethical values to draw up shady credit schemes. Consolidated mortgages were bundled in with the toxic ones and resold for profits. Individuals felt the need to buy a house simply because everyone else was buying a house without the discretion of affordability and the hyper-inflated housing prices. Ea ch acted on imperfect knowledge to maximize personal benefits and disregard moral and ethical values. Rational choice theory can be an efficient method as a decision-making tool to attain goals, but it is definitely too simple an application on a macro context. To make a good decision, one has to balance cost-benefit analysis with moral and cultural factors.

Industrial production of laccase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Industrial production of laccase - Essay Example This enzyme is mostly seen in higher plants and fungi. In plants, laccases can be seen in trees, turnips, cabbage, asparagus, beets, apples, pears, potatoes and other vegetables. It is also detected in other plant species like mango, mung bean, prune, syncamore, peach, pine and lacquer. It is also evident among insects likeCalliphora,Diploptera,Drosophelia, Sarchophaga,Rhodnius and Papilio.However, wood rotting fungi are the most common producers of Laccase. Even though laccase is present in plants, insects and fungi it’s activity is limited in bacteria like Marinomonas meditteranea, Azospirillium lipoferum. Laccase is an enzyme with less saccharide compounds in bacteria and fungi compared to plants. The studied that conducted are on extracellular proteins although intracellular proteins are found in several insects and fungi. The purified form of laccase exhibits a blue appearance. The production of laccase from fungi is practiced for industrial use. As per Mayer( 2002, pg 55 1-65)â€Å"Laccases are involved in fungal virulence and possibly in lignification in higher plants† History and Development The laccase enzyme was discovered in Japanese tree Rhus Vernicifera more than one century ago. For many years it was believed that only the ligninolytic system of some white rot fungi could aid in production of lacasse. However, it was Bourbonnais andPaice who found that laccase can catalyze the oxidation of non – phenolic benzylalchohols with the aid of redox mediator. This led to the discovery that laccase mediator system can degrade effectively residual lignin. Because of its extensive reaction capabilities and broad usage in biotechnology it was further studied. In most fungi, lacasse is produced at low level which is not enough for commercial purpose.Lacasse are promising enzymes which has a conventional usage in industries like textile, pulp and paper, pharmaceuticals and nanobiotechnology. Lacasse is generally produced by fungi grown on ba sal media at low concentration. As per Gedikli(2010,pg.9 -16) â€Å"Lacasse activity depends on the type of fungal strain used, growth conditions employed, the presence and the absence of inducers, incubation time, nature and composition of culture medium and genetic manipulation†.In order to obtain higher concentration various supplements need to be added like metal ions. White rot fungi is known to have diverse response to inducers in lacasse activity. If inducers are added it can enhance the concentration of lacasse.The lacasse production is highly depended on the cultivation conditions of the fungi strains. The lacasse is primarily produced in industries by submerged cultivation method. However, the excessive growth of mycelium is one of the disadvantages of this method as it hampers the production yield due to mass transfer and metabolic limitation. But this situation can be controlled by the immobilization of cells. Solid state fermentation is also a method to produce l accase. The laccase enzyme is extracellular and secreted in to a medium through filamentous fungi. The secondary metabolism of different fungi generally produces lacasse. The lacasse production is influenced by different factors like type of cultivation, concentration of

Administration and Politics Dichotomy Research Paper

Administration and Politics Dichotomy - Research Paper Example He came up with this theory because of the increased rate of corruption, urbanization and migration. He thought that jobs were given out to people who were under-qualified for public service jobs, which resulted to more inabilities. That is why he wanted to discover what a government could do more efficiently and in what ways without any involvement from the politics. In his investigation he figured the existence of politics and administration distinction which became known as â€Å"politic- administration dichotomy†. He thought that politics should only determine what government should do by the elected persons and administration should be responsible to put these policies to work by the civil servants. (Overeem, 2012) In my opinion Wilson’s theory has proved workable for politics being the expression of policies for the well-being of the nation and its people and administration being the body for executing these policies in the best possible way. It has proved to be practical in the United States which helped the US to move from a rural agricultural society to an industrial nation. Although some have contradictory believes about this study can work very well in a small town where day to day managerial decisions are taken by the community or the aldermen of the society, who are also law-makers of the community, whereas this form of government cannot work on one coming out of a dictatorship, communism and socialism and is known as a third-world nation. One advantage of administration-politics dichotomy is that administrative matters and decisions would not be driven by politics. Although politics provides work to administration but it should not be able to make it do what it wants and should not affect laws and regulations. The purpose of politics is to provide guidance to the public administrations, it’s their job to be the voice for the public and make it heard by the administrators. Whereas, the job of a

Electric Field Simulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Electric Field Simulation - Essay Example Through COMSOL Multiphysics we discovered the results after simulating an electric field by using 2D and 3D of the electrostatic module. These modules provided many kinds of movement in the electric field for the three electrodes, which were energised with +1V, 0V, and -1V electrical voltages. Also, the strong and weak points are posted between the three electrodes and show the electric potential of the field. Finally, this paper will show the form of the distribution of electric potential and electric field between the three electrodes for the above mentioned conditions. Introduction: After Michael Faraday discovered the electric field, he developed electricity into something practical that could be used in many technologies, especially microsystem devices. According to James Clear Maxwell, â€Å"the portion of space in the neighborhood of electrified bodies† is called an electric field [1]. At present, there are several applications used that are related to microtechnology a nd are beneficial to our lives. A good application in medicine is biology cells within medical laboratories. In this way, application is applied to the electric field to move cells and separate or analyze cells via impact electric forces. The movement, separation, and analyzing is done through a technique known as AC electrokinetics. This technique occurs when an electric field interacts with dipoles, but it depends on forces between repulsion and rotation by altering the nature of the dynamic field [2]. This new technique is beneficial in biotechnology because of the electric field [3]. Also, the AC electrokinetics technique depends on a delicate process known as dielectrophoresis. This is â€Å"the migration of uncharged particles towards the position of maximum field strength in a non-uniform electric field† [4]. The basic principle operation of dielectrophoresis is by deference of electromagnetic and dielectric properties. For example, the separation of cancer cells is be hind the electrodes, while the natural cells move away from the electrodes due to variations of the electric field [5]. Figure 1 shows the forces of attraction and repulsion between cancer cells and normal cells. Fig.1. Basic Principle of Dielectrophoresis An electric field is a region around a charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other charged particles or objects. It is defined as an area between two charges and then there is a force (positive or negative) exerted [6]. The forces exerted on the test charge will be directly proportional to another charge according to Coulomb’s law [7]: Fe ? q1 q2 If divide the forces on the test charge: E=Fe /q ' Where E = electric field (N/C) and F = force (N) and q' = charge on test charge (C) Also, according to Coulomb’s law, we can find E where: = the permittivity of free space Then we can calculate the electric flux by using Gausses’ law [8]: Q = ? E.d There is a relationship between the elec tric field and electric potential if the electric potential is identified in an action area, then we can calculate the value of the electric field by: dV = - E.d. However, the electric potential consists of lines called equipotential lines. There is a direct correlation between the electric field lines and the energy of electric potential because the first one always puts the electric potential of direction that causes dropping electric potential [9], whereas, in this case, we are dealing with an accelerometer that

Writting assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writting - Assignment Example ovide for all recognized subsequent events provided the availability of additional evidence in their financial statements considering the availability of this information during the date of the balance sheet or the development of the financial statements. In cases that a probability exist weighing on which a liability has been incurred provides for the reasonable estimation of the liability. 25-8 provides for the creation of the recognition of a loss contingency once the range in which the loss falls is probable for estimation (Accounting Standards Codification, n.d). In the same context, the retirement of an asset proves possible once the uncertainties provided become certain, and the company comprehends the effect caused in totality. During the development of the financial statements of December 31, 2007, the company needed to provide for the uncertainty in its records and based on the estimate developed, it proved necessary to include the rough estimate of $17million in the financials as liability. During the year 2009, the record of the liability stated as $17 million needed amending since the ruling had been made on the case providing for $18 million despite the appeal holding. In 2010, W filed for appeal against the ruling of the court of appeal on the matter. This leaves uncertainty still surrounding the matter and hence the need to continue holding the liability stated in the books. According to the ASC 410-30 dealing with asset retirement, it is only recognized once fully ascertained which ascertainment occurred in 2011 after W lost the appeal. It is, therefore, prudent for the effect of the appeal to occur in 2011 in the financials of M. The company needs to have all the liabilities recognized the right and recorded in the books of accounts based on the Accounting Standards provided. These all provide for the company to have its books and reports run in accordance with the accounting principles providing a true and fair view in the company’s

Climate Change in the boreal forests Research Proposal

Climate Change in the boreal forests - Research Proposal Example Migration rate of trees and plants will be explored through review of the available scientific literature and by studying applicable data as well as geographical maps pertaining to the subject. Scientists have been able to record the travels of boreal forest species in the past by linking the appearance and disappearance of tree with the Earths carbon dioxide level and temperature. These data will be further investigated and analyzed so that migration rates could be accurately established. The paper will also try to explore available models that have been employed to study the migration rate and consistency among the results derived from them. This will help correlate the results derived from the other statistical methods. That is how the true picture of migration rate can be found. Due to migration, boreal forests are likely to reduce at a much faster rate compared to what they can expand. The net effect will be drastic reduction in boreal forest cover releasing considerable amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. That will further speed up the rate of climate change setting a vicious cycle. The rate of migration, thus, will help predict the likely consequences in coming years and help us take remedial measures for the survival of

Ecological Dimension of Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ecological Dimension of Globalization - Essay Example Venturing into a new nation drives a company to integrate the cultural characteristics, and the government rules and regulations. Thus it creates a major integration of cultures around the globe. Globalization influences the economic, the political, the social as well as the ecological balance. Even the companies around the world have realized this that the long term growth depends on saving the natural resources and utilize them properly such that the ecological balance is maintained throughout. In recent times the ecological perspective of globalization has a major contribution to the growth and development of a nation and has therefore raised the most significant concern centering on globalization. Ecological Globalization: Buckley observes that the ecosystems take into account the admixing of substances through transmission of air particles, movement of water body and movement and migration of the animals and the people around the globe. All these form major routes of connectivit y in the ecosystems. There is a single atmosphere connecting the globe. The transportation of gases, minerals, even the biodegradable materials cause a great deal of harm to the natural environment. This causes a particular phenomenon called ‘greenlash’ which is caused when transformations in the environment bounded in a smaller area have an astonishing effect in broader areas. The heavy draught in 1930 had a severe effect on the farmers across Midwest of U.S. The dearth of crops led to soil erosion and degradation and it caused powerful dust storms. This huge blow of dusty winds resulted in the so-called ‘infamous Dust Bowl’, which degraded the quality of air and affected the health patterns of the public at large throughout the country. Due to increasing Globalization taking place, there has been an inadvertent introduction of harmful species and pathogens like fire ants from South America and the SARS virus being transported from China, which could have an overwhelming effect on the society at large. Sources revealed that the USA currently allocates about $120 billion per year to eradicate the harmful species causing a lot of harm. So proper diagnosis of the ecosystem will help in unearthing the unknown movement of the harmful species and thus could save the ecology. Buckley suggests provision of information regarding processes that encircle a larger area of time and space and also proper analysis of the processes that cover the genomic and expand to continental from every bit to decades. Moreover understanding the social and behavioral patterns of the human movements in scientific models and unleashing the connectivity patterns among the ecosystems will provide a lot of help to gauge accurate predictions of any future ecological transformation. (Buckley) Study of a Physicist group on Carbon dioxide capturing from air: Rudolf observes that in the recent times some of the greatest minds have been thinking over the issue of reducing the threat emanating from the climatic change that has preoccupied the world, thanks to the effect of Globalization, which although has helped in making the bigger world a smaller place, but has contributed to ecological imbalance. In recent times with greater globalization and technological advancement the pollution in air has increased manifold. So the eminent experts are now considering a newer and effective vision of capturing carbon dioxide from air. This concept has undergone major difference with pulling out carbon dioxide from the reactors and coal-based plants before the gas makes its entry into the air. But doubts have been raised in serious terms whether the project of capturing carbon dioxide from air is economically viable as pulling out 1 ton of Carbon

How can a manager motivate a workforce and what are the major benefits Essay - 3

How can a manager motivate a workforce and what are the major benefits of this to a company Support your answer with examples - Essay Example Several theories regarding how managers can motivate employees have been figured out by different researchers and these theories can be incorporated in real life by managers to motivate employees. One such theory is the need theory proposed by McClelland and according to this theory all individuals experience three kinds of needs including need for power, association and achievement and individuals tend to work in order to attain the satisfaction of these needs (Lauby, 2005, p.2). This writing will focus on how managers can use McClelland’s need theory in order to motivate their employees and how motivating employees can benefit an organization. Body As stated in the introductory section, individuals face three kinds of needs and they have a desire to fulfil these needs. One of the three needs identified by McClelland is the need for achievement that motivates individuals to work hard. Managers can motivate their employees by helping them in achieving the aims and objectives o f their lives. For example: employees work in order to earn money and they want to earn money in order to purchase a better living standard and lifestyle for themselves and even for those who are related to them. This shows that managers can motivate employees with the assistance of monetary rewards in exchange for the hard work and time employees invest in completion of aims and objectives of the organization. A study was conducted by Condly and other researchers in which th

Main Rules and Features of Informative Speech Essay

Main Rules and Features of Informative Speech - Essay Example Before developing a good informative speech, it is vital to first pick a topic and thoroughly research on it in a specified time integrating ones experiences, understand its purpose, learn the time allocation for good time management and learn whom the audience is to be able to relate with them and guide their attention. A speech should also have a good arrangement of the information that one needs to include in a logical order. It is only after careful consideration of all these aspects and understanding of the audience that one can begin to write down his/her speech. Writing a Good Informative Speech Before writing the introduction of a speech, it is important to ensure that one has a good opening statement that would grab the attention of the audience. For my speech, I decided to start with a funny statement that related to current affairs with a strong predisposition to my audience. In the introduction of the speech, one should inform the audience what the speech is about and wha t the main points are going to be, for example, I informed my audience that I was going to talk about my hobbies, how they had influenced me positively and the importance of having such hobbies. The topic chosen might be very general so that one is able to narrow it down to a specific aspect that is relevant to the audience instead of a broad topic, which is partly covered leaving one's audience lost in the speech. Furthermore, the speech should also demonstrate a high degree of competence and self-confidence in the subject one is speaking about to his audience. This can be achieved by possessing facts and good background knowledge about the topic one has chosen, and the information one intends to relay to the audience should be clearly defined. One of the objectives I had in mind while choosing to talk about blood donation as a hobby was to inform the audience of the importance of donating blood by attempting to change or reinforce their behavior and attitude towards caring for one another. In addition, while addressing cooking as a hobby I explained that it had influenced my personal skills on invention and solving problems from different approaches.

Narrative Structure Essay Example for Free

Narrative Structure Essay The simple folksy dialogue between the two younger siblings hazel and George is very effective in downplaying their intelligence. With lines such as â€Å"that was doozy† or when George explains the sound he heard by saying â€Å" sounded like somebody hitting a milk bottle with a ball peen hammer† George being so above average in intelligence has a mental handicap radio in his ear that beeps every 20 seconds in order to prevent him from taking unfair advantage of his thoughts. These conversations are simple and believable despite the absurd 20 second beeping George must experience, Vonnegut does not have to say this is absurd as it is interpreted by readers through dialogue. The story follows diachronic order, Harrison is taken away from his family, then escapes jail and declares himself emperor, is shot down by Diana Moon Glampers and the story ends with the Bergerons watching this all on TV yet displaying not emotions to their death of their own son with the exception of Hazel’s tears although she herself has no idea why she is crying. Synchronic order is not common as the story aims to focus Narrative Structure See more: what is narrative writing The simple folksy dialogue between the two younger siblings hazel and George is very effective in downplaying their intelligence. With lines such as â€Å"that was doozy† or when George explains the sound he heard by saying â€Å" sounded like somebody hitting a milk bottle with a ball peen hammer† George being so above average in intelligence has a mental handicap radio in his ear that beeps every 20 seconds in order to prevent him from taking unfair advantage of his thoughts. These conversations are simple and believable despite the absurd 20 second beeping George must experience, Vonnegut does not have to say this is absurd as it is interpreted by readers through dialogue. The story follows diachronic order, Harrison is taken away from his family, then escapes jail and declares himself emperor, is shot down by Diana Moon Glampers and the story ends with the Bergerons watching this all on TV yet displaying not emotions to their death of their own son with the exception of Hazel’s tears although she herself has no idea why she is crying. Synchronic order is not common as the story aims to focus Kurt Vonnegut’s short story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† both mimics and satirizes the way Americans came to see the enemy – socialism/communism and, specifically the Soviet Union during the cold war, which peaked at its height of distrust and fear in the late 1950-60’s during which this story was written. It explores the theory of â€Å"tall poppy syndrome†, when people of brilliance or exceptional ability are brought down, criticized or cut due to the idea humans are unable to accept someone else being placed on a higher pedestal. As the story’s main concept is enforcing equality among all human beings by giving those with better traits handicaps in order to create a balanced level of intelligence and beauty among all. The short story draws upon a controversial speech made by Newton Minow titled â€Å"The Vast Wasteland† in it he explained that instead of challenging people to think, television programming was making it easier for people to avoid serious thought. Within the story of Harrison Bergeron television is used as a time filler, a method of preventing average people from thinking, similar to Minow’s description. Kurt Vonnegut’s short story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† both mimics and satirizes the way Americans came to see the enemy – socialism/communism and, specifically the Soviet Union during the cold war, which peaked at its height of distrust and fear in the late 1950-60’s during which this story was written. It explores the theory of â€Å"tall poppy syndrome†, when people of brilliance or exceptional ability are brought down, criticized or cut due to the idea humans are unable to accept someone else being placed on a higher pedestal. As the story’s main concept is enforcing equality among all human beings by giving those with better traits handicaps in order to create a balanced level of intelligence and beauty among all. The short story draws upon a controversial speech made by Newton Minow titled â€Å"The Vast Wasteland† in it he explained that instead of challenging people to think, television programming was making it easier for people to avoid serious thought. Within the story of Harrison Bergeron television is used as a time filler, a method of preventing average people from thinking, similar to Minow’s description. Due to the amount of speech within the narrative analepsis is rarely used, however prolepsis is seen at the beginning of the story in the introduction where it reads â€Å" THE YEAR WAS 2081, and everybody was finally equal† and through the line â€Å"some things about the living still weren’t quite right though†/ As both these lines have significant meaning to the conflict that is about to arise. Both of these being â€Å"proleptic† details. The story follows a diagetic sequence and has lineal progression. The narrator begins the story with informing readers that the human race has come to live in equality yet then reveals how this equality leads to the conflict created by Harrison Bergeron and so on leads to his escape and murder one event following the other. Due to the amount of speech within the narrative analepsis is rarely used, however prolepsis is seen at the beginning of the story in the introduction where it reads â€Å" THE YEAR WAS 2081, and everybody was finally equal† and through the line â€Å"some things about the living still weren’t quite right though†/ As both these lines have significant meaning to the conflict that is about to arise. Both of these being â€Å"proleptic† details. The story follows a diagetic sequence and has lineal progression. The narrator begins the story with informing readers that the human race has come to live in equality yet then reveals how this equality leads to the conflict created by Harrison Bergeron and so on leads to his escape and murder one event following the other. on the achievement of equality among all in the current year 2081 and not reflect on the past where social order and class were present. Aspects that had previously â€Å"ruined† society. We are introduced to the primary narrative through the line â€Å" THE YEAR WAS 2081, and everybody was finally equal†. Providing readers with the concept that equality has been achieved, the secondary narrative embedded within the story would be the tale of Harrison Bergeron, who strives to change the perspective that all humans must live accordingly by escaping jail and declaring that he is to be emperor, placing himself upon a pedestal above others. The narrative is single ended as we finish on a conversation between Hazel and George rather than re-visiting the beginning of the narrative and further explaining how equality had come to be achieved. on the achievement of equality among all in the current year 2081 and not reflect on the past where social order and class were present. Aspects that had previously â€Å"ruined† society. We are introduced to the primary narrative through the line â€Å" THE YEAR WAS 2081, and everybody was finally equal†. Providing readers with the concept that equality has been achieved, the secondary narrative embedded within the story would be the tale of Harrison Bergeron, who strives to change the perspective that all humans must live accordingly by escaping jail and declaring that he is to be emperor, placing himself upon a pedestal above others. The narrative is single ended as we finish on a conversation between Hazel and George rather than re-visiting the beginning of the narrative and further explaining how equality had come to be achieved. * Harrison Bergeron: possess intelligence so immense that at the beginning of the story the Handicapper General has him arrested on suspicion of â€Å"plotting to overthrow the government†. Harrison’s actions suggest an ironic theme: corruptive power. Following his escape Harrison repeats government errors by establishing himself as emperor. Had his death not occurred these acts of rebellion would send society back to the â€Å"dark ages† of social and individual competition. * George Bergeron: Harrisons father bears a number of handicaps that suppress his above average intelligence. He refuses to remove any of them abiding by the law as he believes any attempt to alter life as it is will cause civilization to regress back to times of war and argument due to difference between human beings. * Hazel Bergeron- Harrisons mother does not wear any handicaps, as she possesses â€Å"normal† intelligence, appearance and strength. In this story however â€Å"normal† means one is incompetent or unable to fathom anything beyond that which is superficial. Her dialogue with her husband makes reference towards the comedic team of George Burns and Gracie Allen a comedy show from which Vonnegut was said to have learnt all his social and political idealisms from. * Diana Moon Glampers- The United States handicapper kills Harrison Bergeron by shotgun as he threatens to disrupt civilization. She ruthlessly maintains law and order without due process. A lot of the story takes place in what is unsaid and can be read between the lines and subtle dialogues of the main characters. When Hazel Bergeron said, I think Id make a good Handicapper General , her husband replied, Good as anybody else. The reader will surmise that meant it quite literally because in the story everyone is equal, so the idea of being better than anyone else, of competition, was nonexistent. This is an example of Explict characterization. * Harrison Bergeron: possess intelligence so immense that at the beginning of the story the Handicapper General has him arrested on suspicion of â€Å"plotting to overthrow the government†. Harrison’s actions suggest an ironic theme: corruptive power. Following his escape Harrison repeats government errors by establishing himself as emperor. Had his death not occurred these acts of rebellion would send society back to the â€Å"dark ages† of social and individual competition. * George Bergeron: Harrisons father bears a number of handicaps that suppress his above average intelligence. He refuses to remove any of them abiding by the law as he believes any attempt to alter life as it is will cause civilization to regress back to times of war and argument due to difference between human beings. * Hazel Bergeron- Harrisons mother does not wear any handicaps, as she possesses â€Å"normal† intelligence, appearance and strength. In this story however â€Å"normal† means one is incompetent or unable to fathom anything beyond that which is superficial. Her dialogue with her husband makes reference towards the comedic team of George Burns and Gracie Allen a comedy show from which Vonnegut was said to have learnt all his social and political idealisms from. * Diana Moon Glampers- The United States handicapper kills Harrison Bergeron by shotgun as he threatens to disrupt civilization. She ruthlessly maintains law and order without due process. A lot of the story takes place in what is unsaid and can be read between the lines and subtle dialogues of the main characters. When Hazel Bergeron said, I think Id make a good Handicapper General , her husband replied, Good as anybody else. The reader will surmise that meant it quite literally because in the story everyone is equal, so the idea of being better than anyone else, of competition, was nonexistent. This is an example of Explict characterization. Characterization Characterization Story is told in third-person limited point of view, the narrator is not a character within the story but is privy to the thoughts of one character. He is a â€Å"covert† narrator, un-identified yet still able to narrate the thoughts and feelings of characters. The narrator does not draw conclusion, make decisions or make judgments about the events. The objectivity of the narrator suggests a distancing from the hostile world of the story. The narration is heterodiegtic, an omniscient narrator meaning he has a detailed overview of what is happening in the story at the present time as well as an insight into the thoughts and feelings of other characters. Internal and External focalization are both present throughout the narrative. Internal focalization is seen through George: â€Å" he tried to think a little about the ballerinas. They weren’t really any better than anyone else would have been anyway†. External focalization is seen through the television announcer: â€Å"and she had to apologize for her voice at once, which was a very unfair voice for a women to use. Her voice was a warm luminous timeless melody†. This short story is both mimetic and diegetic, an example of diegesis would be â€Å" TH YEARS WAS 2081, and everybody was finally equal†. As it summarizes the events leading to the major concept of equality. An example of mimesis would be â€Å"nobody was smarter than anybody else. Nobody was better looking than anybody else. Nobody was stronger or quicker than anybody else. The narrator is reliable third person, omniscient. Story is told in third-person limited point of view, the narrator is not a character within the story but is privy to the thoughts of one character. He is a â€Å"covert† narrator, un-identified yet still able to narrate the thoughts and feelings of characters. The narrator does not draw conclusion, make decisions or make judgments about the events. The objectivity of the narrator suggests a distancing from the hostile world of the story. The narration is heterodiegtic, an omniscient narrator meaning he has a detailed overview of what is happening in the story at the present time as well as an insight into the thoughts and feelings of other characters. Internal and External focalization are both present throughout the narrative. Internal focalization is seen through George: â€Å" he tried to think a little about the ballerinas. They weren’t really any better than anyone else would have been anyway†. External focalization is seen through the television announcer: â€Å"and she had to apologize for her voice at once, which was a very unfair voice for a women to use. Her voice was a warm luminous timeless melody†. This short story is both mimetic and diegetic, an example of diegesis would be â€Å" TH YEARS WAS 2081, and everybody was finally equal†. As it summarizes the events leading to the major concept of equality. An example of mimesis would be â€Å"nobody was smarter than anybody else. Nobody was better looking than anybody else. Nobody was stronger or quicker than anybody else. Strength, talent, brains and beauty to a common standard. It seems today everyone wishes to be like someone else, everyone wants to be accepted and people will go to extremities to do this. One common factor is working out. Gyms are continually advertised everywhere, owning your own gym equipment is affordable and physical education is a required subject throughout school. We are attracted to strength because it is needed to survive. Yet it is not because we need strength that we are attracted to it vanity plays a large part. TV shows such as â€Å"Biggest Loser† and â€Å"Survivour† reward those who help you reach your standard of beauty , and although we do not place handicaps on those who are stronger we have created the desire for everyone to beequal in the area. It might not be the same as weighting everybody down to be equally â€Å"bad,† but enhancing everybody to make them equally â€Å"good† is still removing diversity; it is still conformity, only, perhaps, in a more pleasing way. Strength, talent, brains and beauty to a common standard. It seems today everyone wishes to be like someone else, everyone wants to be accepted and people will go to extremities to do this. One common factor is working out. Gyms are continually advertised everywhere, owning your own gym equipment is affordable and physical education is a required subject throughout school. We are attracted to strength because it is needed to survive. Yet it is not because we need strength that we are attracted to it vanity plays a large part. TV shows such as â€Å"Biggest Loser† and â€Å"Survivour† reward those who help you reach your standard of beauty , and although we do not place handicaps on those who are stronger we have created the desire for everyone to beequal in the area. It might not be the same as weighting everybody down to be equally â€Å"bad,† but enhancing everybody to make them equally â€Å"good† is still removing diversity; it is still conformity, only, perhaps, in a more pleasing way. Values and Morals The values and morals expressed in Harrison Bergeron are those that surround us daily. For example some schools play down the dumbest in order to pass the most, and in the process neglect the brightest, denying them the full advantages of their education and compromising their future. Society nowadays is conforming our strength Values and Morals The values and morals expressed in Harrison Bergeron are those that surround us daily. For example some schools play down the dumbest in order to pass the most, and in the process neglect the brightest, denying them the full advantages of their education and compromising their future. Society nowadays is conforming our strength Nunc urna lorem, gravida vel, sollicitudin in, dignissim in, nunc Nunc urna lorem, gravida vel, sollicitudin in, dignissim in, nunc Etiam pharetra, elit a aliquam ultrices, nisl quam viverra felis, non tincidunt eros leo non sapien. Pellentesque pretium nunc id nunc. Phasellus eget felis. Mauris euismod, velit nec facilisis gravida, tortor justo consectetuer diam, id venenatis diam orci vel leo. Suspendisse ut massa et lacus faucibus imperdiet. Nulla felis orci, iaculis sed, euismod ac, egestas in, odio. Suspendisse consequat velit eu enim. Quisque quis nisl. Cras ac libero varius dui porta nonummy. Duis tincidunt, quam vitae cursus aliquet, nisi arcu consectetuer orci, vitae condimentum dui nisi quis diam. Aliquam erat volutpat. Morbi sodales. Cras commodo, purus et tempor mollis, orci est venenatis tortor, in rutrum nibh neque sed purus. Aenean leo ante, commodo non, molestie id, fringilla sit amet, dui. Ut a mi. Nulla nisi nisi, blandit non, sollicitudin non, faucibus sed, ante. Nullam vitae libero. Nulla posuere, augue a gravida molestie, leo tellus euismod lorem, ut suscipit nisl tortor interdum arcu. Duis leo nunc, congue in, aliquet ac, pretium sagittis, elit. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Phasellus in sem. Curabitur auctor fermentum elit. Fusce et dolor. Cras pretium nonummy justo. Vivamus pretium, massa et consequat consectetuer, massa nisi ullamcorper lectus, et luctus magna sem in velit. Cras egestas. Integer neque. Fusce sapien turpis, vulputate a, fermentum a, porta in, massa. Cras at quam. Donec hendrerit volutpat leo. Praesent lobortis. Morbi tincidunt mollis dolor. Nulla malesuada, tortor ut auctor pulvinar, ligula felis ultricies pede, et porttitor mi purus tristique mi. Vestibulum nec nisl sed odio semper auctor. Curabitur convallis elit id augue sollicitudin mattis. Sed ipsum. Sed in leo non nisl sollicitudin faucibus. Aliquam pharetra semper arcu. Proin ut ante. Integer consequat sapien quis nunc convallis posuere. Vestibulum in nunc a risus laoreet tempus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. In consectetuer ligula ac tellus. Phasellus sit amet tortor. Nunc ultricies, orci ac placerat iaculis, neque ligula sodales metus, vel sollicitudin nibh sem ac lacus. Aenean iaculis. Quisque vitae nibh. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Quisque tortor ligula, elementum sed, facilisis ut, auctor vitae, erat. Cras in justo nec ipsum vulputate faucibus. Integer consequat augue ut dolor. Fusce congue. Nam ut enim nec velit tincidunt posuere. Vivamus dui. Vestibulum sagittis rutrum justo. Donec vel velit elementum diam consectetuer lobortis. Nunc hendrerit, leo in sodales ornare, nisi dolor ullamcorper felis, vel sollicitudin enim ipsum sed nulla. Donec sit amet urna non augue pellentesque fermentum. Cras varius risus auctor tellus. Vivamus venenatis tincidunt ligula. Praesent a turpis. Duis tempus, lorem eget imperdiet condimentum, magna mauris ornare turpis, vitae dapibus pede sem lacinia sapien. Nulla ut eros eu nisi suscipit sodales. Suspendisse lobortis. Vestibulum accumsan ante id erat. Etiam pharetra, elit a aliquam ultrices, nisl quam viverra felis, non tincidunt eros leo non sapien. Pellentesque pretium nunc id nunc. Phasellus eget felis. Mauris euismod, velit nec facilisis gravida, tortor justo consectetuer diam, id venenatis diam orci vel leo. Suspendisse ut massa et lacus faucibus imperdiet. Nulla felis orci, iaculis sed, euismod ac, egestas in, odio. Suspendisse consequat velit eu enim. Quisque quis nisl. Cras ac libero varius dui porta nonummy. Duis tincidunt, quam vitae cursus aliquet, nisi arcu consectetuer orci, vitae condimentum dui nisi quis diam. Aliquam erat volutpat. Morbi sodales. Cras commodo, purus et tempor mollis, orci est venenatis tortor, in rutrum nibh neque sed purus. Aenean leo ante, commodo non, molestie id, fringilla sit amet, dui. Ut a mi. Nulla nisi nisi, blandit non, sollicitudin non, faucibus sed, ante. Nullam vitae libero. Nulla posuere, augue a gravida molestie, leo tellus euismod lorem, ut suscipit nisl tortor interdum arcu. Duis leo nunc, congue in, aliquet ac, pretium sagittis, elit. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Phasellus in sem. Curabitur auctor fermentum elit. Fusce et dolor. Cras pretium nonummy justo. Vivamus pretium, massa et consequat consectetuer, massa nisi ullamcorper lectus, et luctus magna sem in velit. Cras egestas. Integer neque. Fusce sapien turpis, vulputate a, fermentum a, porta in, massa. Cras at quam. Donec hendrerit volutpat leo. Praesent lobortis. Morbi tincidunt mollis dolor. Nulla malesuada, tortor ut auctor pulvinar, ligula felis ultricies pede, et porttitor mi purus tristique mi. Vestibulum nec nisl sed odio semper auctor. Curabitur convallis elit id augue sollicitudin mattis. Sed ipsum. Sed in leo non nisl sollicitudin faucibus. Aliquam pharetra semper arcu. Proin ut ante. Integer consequat sapien quis nunc convallis posuere. Vestibulum in nunc a risus laoreet tempus. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. In consectetuer ligula ac tellus. Phasellus sit amet tortor. Nunc ultricies, orci ac placerat iaculis, neque ligula sodales metus, vel sollicitudin nibh sem ac lacus. Aenean iaculis. Quisque vitae nibh. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Quisque tortor ligula, elementum sed, facilisis ut, auctor vitae, erat. Cras in justo nec ipsum vulputate faucibus. Integer consequat augue ut dolor. Fusce congue. Nam ut enim nec velit tincidunt posuere. Vivamus dui. Vestibulum sagittis rutrum justo. Donec vel velit elementum diam consectetuer lobortis. Nunc hendrerit, leo in sodales ornare, nisi dolor ullamcorper felis, vel sollicitudin enim ipsum sed nulla. Donec sit amet urna non augue pellentesque fermentum. Cras varius risus auctor tellus. Vivamus venenatis tincidunt ligula. Praesent a turpis. Duis tempus, lorem eget imperdiet condimentum, magna mauris ornare turpis, vitae dapibus pede sem lacinia sapien. Nulla ut eros eu nisi suscipit sodales. Suspendisse lobortis. Vestibulum accumsan ante id erat. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; In vestibulum accumsan quam. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Fusce vitae ipsum vehicula neque vehicula mattis. Pellentesque bibendum scelerisque ligula. Nulla ut nisl at nulla condimentum facilisis. Etiam commodo nulla non turpis. Sed a justo. Aenean gravida. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; In vestibulum accumsan quam. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Fusce vitae ipsum vehicula neque vehicula mattis. Pellentesque bibendum scelerisque ligula. Nulla ut nisl at nulla condimentum facilisis. Etiam commodo nulla non turpis. Sed a justo. Aenean gravida. Suspendisse potenti!

Artificial Birth Control Essay Example for Free

Artificial Birth Control Essay Artificial birth control methods have been used for thousands of years. The hieroglyphics of ancient Egyptians show a figure of an Egyptian male wearing a device around the penis to help prevent pregnancy during intercourse. And there are other cultures which use condoms made of linen or animal intestines. Until now, historians and researchers are still debating on whether the condoms are for ritual purposes or not. Artificial Birth Control is most commonly heard in relation to religious teachings on family planning. Many sectors especially religion encourage the use of natural family planning as opposed to artificial birth control because they believe that using artificial contraception is opposite to Gods will. But there are also non-religious people who preferred not to use artificial birth control for personal, ethical or medical reasons. Artificial birth control can be defined as any product, procedure or practice that uses artificial or unnatural means to prevent pregnancy. Barrier methods such as condoms, Intra uterine Devices (copper), diaphragms, cervical cap, and sponge, hormonal methods such as the pill, IUDs (hormonal), and emergency contraception. There are also injections, spermicides, and surgical sterilization procedures such as tubal ligation and vasectomy which are all considered to be artificial birth control methods. This paper includes the different types and examples of artificial birth control and their advantages and disadvantages. Condoms A condom is a device made of fine rubber (latex). It avoids unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including AIDS and HIV. The use of condoms is one of the easiest, most reliable and effective methods. But one should take few precautionary measures before using it; they must ensure that it is not torn or ruptured and that they are using it before the expiry date. For a male condom, the man covers his penis with a condom during sexual intercourse in order to prevent the sperm from entering the vagina. A female condom is also made if fine rubber (latex) that when used it must be entirely aligned to vagina. The two types of female condom are the FC or FC2 female condom and the VA w.o.w. Condom Feminine. The FC female condom is a 17 cm (6.5 inches) in length. There is a flexible ring at each end. At the closed end of the sheath, the flexible ring is inserted into the vagina to anchor the condom in place. While at the open end, the ring stays outside the vulva at the entrance to the vagina. The VA w.o.w. Condom Feminine when not stretched is around 9 cm (3.5 inches) – though it is very elastic. It has a rounded triangular frame at the open end and a sponge inside the closed end, which helps to hold the condom inside the vagina. Condoms are easily obtained, cheap, very effective, it protects against sexually transmitted disease, and it possibly reduces risk of cervical cancer. But it interrupts the foreplay, it reduces sensitivity for both or either partner, it requires great care, and it sometimes causes allergy. Intra uterine Devices (IUD) – Copper IUD is a birth control device made of soft plastic and has the shape of the English letter T and is placed in the uterus. It is a long-term method that prevents pregnancy for 3-5 years. Copper is wound on the lower part and on the tip of the T are the two threads. With the help of the threads, women can check if it is inserted properly. Copper T does not create any problems during copulation and it can be used immediately after childbirth. But unlike condoms, it does not protect the user from AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Diaphragm Diaphragm is a thin rubber dome with an elastic and flexible rim. It is inserted into the vagina and fits over the cervix that is hold in place by vaginal muscles. The diaphragm holds spermicide in place over the cervix; spermicide kills sperm and prevents fertilization. Diaphragms are 86-94% effective as birth control. It is cheap, the female partner is the one that takes the responsibility, there is no interruption during intercourse, there is no loss of sensation for either partner, it reduces of bacteria related STDs, couples may feel less inhibited when the woman is menstruating, and pre – malignancy and cervical malignancy are reduced. But it is uncomfortable to insert and remove from vagina, it requires a doctor to fit and check it, it requires preparation, some male partners are aware of the cap and may not like it, there is no protection against viral conditions such as herpes simplex or HIV, it sometimes cause allergy, and it cannot be fitted before first intercourse, if there is a vaginal septum or utero-vaginal prolapsed. Cervical Cap Cervical cap is a device inserted into the vagina that fits over the cervix to blocked the sperm from entering the uterus and prevents fertilization. After intercourse, it should be left in place for 8 hours. Cervical covers are 84-91% effective at preventing pregnancy for women who have never given birth and 68-74% effective for women who have given birth. Cervical cap can be inserted many hours before sexual intercourse, it is easy to carry around, it is comfortable to use, it does not alter menstrual cycle and affect future fertility, and it may help the user to better know her body. But cervical cap does not protect against HIV or AIDS, it requires a fitting in a clinic, it is difficult to insert or remove, it can be dislodged during sexual intercourse, and there can be possible allergic reactions. Birth Control Sponge The birth control sponge is made of plastic foam that contains spermicide. It is soft, round, and about two (2) inches in diameter. It has a nylon loop attached to the bottom for removal and it is inserted deep into the vagina before sexual intercourse. The sponge avoids pregnancy by keeping sperm from joining with an egg. The sponge may cover the cervix and blocks the sperm from entering the uterus or it can continuously release a spermicide that keeps the sperm from moving. The birth control sponge can be carried in pocket or purse, it can’t be felt by either partner, it has no effect on a womans natural hormones, it does not interrupt sex play, and it can be used during breastfeeding. But it may be difficult for some women to insert or remove the sponge, it may cause vaginal irritation, and it may make sex too messy or too dry because sponge requires too much liquid. Contraceptive Pills Most hormonal birth control methods contain the hormones estrogen and progestin, although some contain progestin only. Hormonal contraceptive pills work by preventing females from ovulating or releasing eggs from their ovaries each month, and by thinning the lining of the uterus to keep a pregnancy from implanting. Without an egg to be fertilized by sperm, pregnancy cannot occur. Contraceptive pill is a very effective birth control but there are also side effects like significant mood swings and decreased libido. Intra uterine Devices (IUD) – Hormonal Hormonal uterine devices sometimes called Intra Uterine Systems were first introduced in 1990. It releases levonorgestrel, a progestogen, and may be used for five years. Hormonal Intra Uterine Devices do not increase bleeding as inert and copper-containing IUDs do. Rather, they reduce menstrual bleeding or prevent menstruation altogether, and can be used as a treatment for menorrhagia (heavy periods). The use of Intra Uterine Systems results in much lower systemic progestogen levels than other very-low-dose progestogen-only hormonal contraceptives; they might possibly have some of the same side effects like loss of libido, possible cervical cancer, vaginal infection, anxiety and nervousness, and pain in lower abdominals. Emergency Contraception The emergency contraception is also known as the morning-after pill. It is a safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. It can be started up to five days or 120 hours after unprotected intercourse. The hormone in the morning-after pill prevents pregnancy by thickening a womans cervical mucus and by thinning the lining of the uterus. The mucus blocks sperm and keeps it from joining with an egg which could prevent pregnancy by keeping a fertilized egg from attaching to the uterus. Injections Injections are 99% effective that is scheduled every 3 months. Depo-Provera ®, one of the two types that are now available, contains progesterone that is similar to what the body produces. It prevents release of the egg from the ovary and causes changes in cervical mucus and the lining of the uterus. The second one is the Lunelle ® which contains two hormones like the pill, so it has the same side effects as the pill. Spermicides Spermicides can come in different form like cream, gel, foam, film, and suppositories. Most spermicides contain nonoxynol-9 which is a chemical that kills sperm. Spermicides immobilize and kill the sperm before they are able to swim into the uterus. To be effective, the spermicide must be placed deep in the vagina, close to the cervix. Creams, gels, and foams are squirted into the vagina using an applicator. But spermicides are more effective when used with another method of birth control, such as a condom or diaphragm. Spermicides are only effective for an hour, not all women can use it and some have an allergic reaction to the substances. Sterilization Sterilization is a form of birth control and all the procedures are meant to be permanent. For females (Tubal Ligation), a minor operation that blocks a womans fallopian tubes, the tubes that carry the egg to the uterus; female sterilization works by blocking the egg from reaching sperm. For males (Vasectomy), requires minor surgery on the scrotum to cut the vasa deferentia, the tubes that carry sperm. This operation keeps sperm from mixing into the semen when men ejaculate. Without sperm, fertilization of an egg cannot occur and pregnancy is prevented. Sterilization provides permanent birth control, allows sexual spontaneity, requires no daily attention, does not affect pleasure, and it is also not messy. But it does not protect against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS, it is not immediately effective, it requires minor surgery in a clinic and a possible regret if the couple wish to have one or more child. References: http://www.avert.org/female-condom.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrauterine_device http://www.tarahaat.com/health_ABC.aspx http://www.livestrong.com/article/201512-types-of-artificial-methods-for-family-planning/ http://www.modernmom.com/article/what-is-the-meaning-of-artificial-birth-control http://www.ehow.com/facts_5004780_what-meaning-artificial-birth-control.html http://www.fwhc.org/birth-control/diaphram.htm

Factors of Transportation Barriers

Factors of Transportation Barriers Dont you hate the feeling of not being able to travel to where you want, when you want? You may not want to ask people for rides because you may not have the amount of money to pay someone to take you, certainly when you need to go to a medical facility. Situations like this need special attention when it comes to your health. No matter how you feel, you always need to make your doctors appointments because you never know what might be going on in your body. Transportation is a major barrier to health care access to patients. Transportation shouldnt prevent anyone from getting to or from their doctor appointment. In a world where having transportation is a major key to society to where it can affect peoples lifestyle. Finding transportation can affect citizens regardless of the type of living situation there in, but the main concern is for low-income families. General research on transportation has been evaluated and it has come down to a lot of facts and statistics. Most of the info rmation agrees that there is a problem with transportation among peoples living arrangements, but especially with low income families. However, there are different reasons to why there is a problem with transportation such as location of where the people live, the distance to where they live to get to their doctor appointment, and the cost ranging between medical fees depending on how sick the patient. Even then if there are buses, the older people may not be able to ride or even the cost to afford the trip to the doctor can vary depending on how far your doctor is. There is a problem for people who live in rural areas; not for them in particular but also for older and poor people find transportation to their medical physicians. Many families that take home a low-income, their living conditions arent the finest. They seem to struggle to locate transportation that is reliable for them. The effect of this causes them to miss their appointments when the doctor is available to see them. Gillian White stated that low-salary communities are hit especially because of the poor quality of their transit hear their area (Cronk, 2015, p.3). Even if the patient lives in an area where subways and buses are located, people never know what might happen. The subway could be a long way from where you stay and also buses are so unreliable. What if your health is in chronic condition? People who are very sick may not be able to get on the subway nor a bus. Research by Cronk (2015) identified research by a survey defining the percent of the poverty level in Ohio by the journal Health Social Care in the Community (p.3). In 2001, this survey of 413 participants are living at or beneath the 125 percent of the poverty level located in Cleveland, Ohio. Also, researchers discovered that one-third of the participants said it was head and very hard to find reliable transit to their health care providers (p.3). This means that patients that are involved in this situation will have a difficult time connecting with their doctor will have to wait until a tragic emergency just to be able to be seen by a medical physical or a person of that nature. Distance1 Transportation barriers such as distance can cause people to not be able to go to their doctors appointments. Depending on how far their medical physician is, finding transportation will be very difficult. Studies show that having a vehicle gives the patient positive access to their health care. Having a vehicle means owning a car or having access to one by a friend or a family member. Arcury et al. researched transportation and the relationship it has with the health care stating that in the rural Appalachians, 1,059 people had prior knowledge of someone that they knew who had provided rides on a regular basis to people that they knew (Syed, 2013, p. 2). Also Guidry et al. researched a survey in which the outcome of 593 cancer patients from Texas, only 38% of whites, 55% of African Americans, and 60% of Hispanics are identified of having poor access to a vehicle as a barrier that could result in missing a cancer treatment (Syed, 2013, p. 2-3). Things like this could lead a very chro nic ill person to a horrible death, only because he or she miss their doctor appointment. Shockingly, a study researched by Lamont et al. discovered that the distance to a health care provider was related with the advancements of the health care system (Syed, 2013, p.3-4). Studies also researched that the combinations between distances to medical use. It reported that longer driving distances from the doctor office is actually associated with less medication thats given to the patient. Additional studies should be researched when it comes to low-income elderly in which they understand the important of transportation to access the health care provider. Cost Not being able to find a ride to the doctor will cost you a huge amount of money when you get critical sick. Money is more than something that you can use to make purchases; its actually a way of living. Without being able to afford a way to get to your primary physician, will cause issues in the long run. Some people cant even afford a taxis or an Uber. Cronk (2016) stated where a patient couldnt afford their medications and the effect of that caused him to be admitted to the hospital and get two of his toes removed. All of that couldve been avoided if he had the money to afford a ride to the doctors before the sickness took over his body (p.1). The issue that it seen with this situation is that patients are not able to find a ride that is affordable for them. When this happens, they end up with enormous health care bills that come from the hospital and insurances, if they even have any. Researches by Cronk (2016) stated that because of patients missing their schedule appointments l ead to the health care spending an extra $150 billion yearly (p.2). One researcher Tierney et al. stated that between 42,722 patients, a research conducted on the topic of transportation in the health care field, found that the cost to afford Medicaid is increasing, so now patients cannot purchase their medications (Syed, 2013, p.5). When the patients hear this information, they dont know what to do. If they cant afford the insurance that they have, then they wont be able to afford just a regular doctor appointment nor the patients medication. Results As a result, researchers have found ways to prevent these types of transportation barriers. One possible way is to provide a non-emergency medical transportation. They are used to help people with low-income be able to get to and from their doctors. But there is a catch to them. Cronk (2016) stated that that system is no good. Some of their transit vehicle arent equipped with GPSs nor a dispatch radio (p. 2). Whats the point of having a way to get there, and they cant even provide upgraded technology to make sure you get to the right place and on time? But we cant let this one issue ruin it for everyone. An option could be to come together with other partnerships that would be a good fit so that everyone can work together to make sure everyone gets there without having any barriers. A study by Syed (2016) states that the two studies looked into United States Veterans and saw that they could receive federal support when it comes to barriers when trying to get to their doctors (p.5). R esearched by Inman (2016) shows that there are many low cost ways to get transportation: Lynx is only one dollar for standard bus routes (p.4). So there are options available to the patients. Using these options will prove that there is a way around transportation barriers. It just takes time for someone to research these resources for the elderly patients and low income families. Conclusion Conclusively, transit barriers all comes down to more emergency rooms appearances and the care that is available. Since the majority of transportation barriers affect people who are low incomed and elderly, help should be offered. No matter about the location, cost and distance, there should be free, no cost, transportation for these patients in their neighborhood. For elderly people, there is more of a transportation issue because of the fact that they are older and more prone to have a sickness due to their age. But before there can be a definite answer, we can only assume because there needs to be additional research before a truthful conclusion is made. Syed (2016) states that there could be a possible solution if health care workers, patients, and people around neighboring cities come together to create a plan to have less transportation barriers. Creating a collaboration like this would make a total different in the society that we live in today (pg.6). But at the end of the da y, transportation barriers are a topic that needs strong attention to make changes for people who are struggling. People arent getting any younger, just older. This needs to be handle as soon as possible to make a change in the world we live in today. References Cronk, Imran. The Transportation Barrier. The Atlantic (2015): 1-6. Web. 22 Sept. 2016. Cronk, I. (2016, September 2). Transportation shouldnt be a barrier to health care. October 20, 2016, from https://www.statnews.com/2016/09/02/transportation-barrier-health-care/ Inman, J. (2015, July 20). Lack of transportation has serious consequences for older adults. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved October 10, 2016. Syed, S. T., Gerber, B. S., Sharp, L. K. (2013). Traveling Towards Disease: Transportation Barriers to Health Care Access. Journal of Community Health, 38(5), 976-993. http://doi.org/10. 1007/s 10900-013-9681-1 Tables Table 1 [Table Title] Column Head Column Head Column Head Column Head Column Head Row Head 123 123 123 123 Row Head 456 456 456 456 Row Head 789 789 789 789 Row Head 123 123 123 123 Row Head 456 456 456 456 Row Head 789 789 789 789 Note: [Place all tables for your paper in a tables section, following references (and, if applicable, footnotes). Start a new page for each table, include a table number and table title for each, as shown on this page. All explanatory text appears in a table note that follows the table, such as this one. Use the Table/Figure style, available on the Home tab, in the Styles gallery, to get the spacing between table and note. Tables in APA format can use single or 1.5 line spacing. Include a heading for every row and column, even if the content seems obvious. A default table style has been setup for this template that fits APA guidelines. To insert a table, on the Insert tab, click Table.] Figures title: Figure 1. [Include all figures in their own section, following references (and footnotes and tables, if applicable). Include a numbered caption for each figure. Use the Table/Figure style for easy spacing between figure and caption.] For more information about all elements of APA formatting, please consult the APA Style Manual, 6th Edition.

Alienation and Moral Dilemma as Portrayed by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay

Alienation and Moral Dilemma as Portrayed by Nathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorn was born in Salem, Massachusetts in 1804 during Puritan times. He created many stories that reflect his life experiences growing up as a Puritan. He writes stories that end with a moral that was learned through the struggles of the characters. These characters are almost always faced with a dilemma where they must choose what is right versus what is wrong. Another common theme in his writing is alienation. These concepts can be found in the stories â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† and â€Å"The Birth Mark.† They are all about a life altering decision one must face and the consequences of that decision. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† the dilemma faced by the main character is about the strength of his faith in God and the trust he losses for his wife and community. In â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† a minister is struggling with his own sins and his fear of them being revealed to his congregation. Finally, in â€Å"The Birth Mark,† the main character becomes obsessed with a slight physical flaw on wife’s face; an obsession that ultimately leads to the destruction the thing he cherished most dearly. The story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† is about a man named Goodman Brown who must leave his wife Faith to go on a fateful journey – a journey whose reason is left to speculation. He must go into the local forest, refuse the temptations of the devil, and return to the village before sunrise. He embarks on this journey and returns a changed man for the evils he encountered made him lose his faith in the community around him. The decision or struggle that Brown is faced with in the story is between the evil temptations that lurk in the fore... ...l E., â€Å"The Consequences of Puritan Depravity and Distrust as Historical Context for Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown,’† www.itech.fgcu.edu, http://itech.fgcu.edu/faculty/wohlpart/alra/Hawthorne.htm Mota, Joshua, â€Å"The Minister's Black Veil,† www.ri.net, http://www.ri.net/schools/Pawtucket/Tolman/ODonnell/MOTAWEB/veil.html Reuban, Paul P, â€Å"PAL: Perspectives in American Literature: A Research and Reference Guide† An Ongoing Online Project, www.csustan.edu, http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap3/hawthorne.html Sharpe, Lynda, â€Å"The Birth-mark by Nathaniel Hawthorne,† www.vcu.edu, http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/eng491/bm-base.htm Shoemaker ,Jacqueline, â€Å"Hawthorne's Realm of Morality: Biographical Contexts for ‘Young Goodman Brown,’† www.itech.fgcu.edu, http://itech.fgcu.edu/faculty/wohlpart/alra/Hawthorne.htm http://ipl.org/ http://www.wwnorton.com

The Strengths and Weaknesses of International Law Essay -- Internation

Even after decades of relatively established pattern for the relations between the states there is still an ambiguity on the issue of state sovereignty. To which extent its’ violation could be justified? In the study of International Relations there are two major perspectives on the legitimacy of such actions, they are: liberal and realist. Whilst former advocates for this measures when the state itself violates human rights of the citizens and extended intervention is required (Kegley, 259), latter claims that the state sovereignty is the central assumption of this theoretical framework (Kegley, 28) and the actions that might infringe it are not legitimate. 2011 military intervention in Libya, intended to cease Gaddafi’s regime (UNSC), can demonstrate both of these perspectives. Moreover, it particularly highlights the presence of peacemaking actors’ responsibility to protect the human rights of civilians. Nevertheless, both realist and liberal perspectives incl ude the legitimacy of violation of the state sovereignty and at the same time reveal illegitimacy of this issue. The liberal theory emphasises the importance of non-state actors such as the political institutions, Nongovernmental Organisations (NGOs), Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs) in world politics decision-making. All of them should act according to the public international law which regulates the government-to-government relationships (Kegley, 400). Thus, when Libyan government started to suppress the riots and demonstrations of civilian population by the military means the international community became cautious about the outcomes of such policies (UNSC). Moreover, when the government failed to respond for the calls to stop the violence, the response of the Un... ...ng of international law’s efficiency. Works Cited Allen, Peter. "France Stops All Italian Trains Carrying North African Immigrants." The Telegraph. 17 Apr. 2011. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. . "Iran Profile." BBC News. BBC, 03 Feb. 2012. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. . Kegley, Charles W., and Gregory A. Raymond. The Global Future: A Brief Introduction to World Politics. 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2011. Print. Schenk, Caress. Politics of Global Security: Liberal alternatives. Lecture notes. 17 Apr. 2012. United Nations Security Council. Security Council Report. Rep. United Nations, 8 Nov. 2011. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. .

Analysis of the Television Show The Simpsons Essay -- The Simpsons Car

Analysis of the Television Show The Simpsons The specific children’s series that I will be discussing is entitled â€Å"The Simpson’s†. The main characters consist of Homer, Marge, Lisa, Bart, and Maggie Simpson. They reside in a town called Springfield, one that is typical of an American suburb. Some other characters which appear on a regular basis are Mr. Burns, the owner of the Springfield chemical plant, his assistant Weiland Smithers, the Flanders family, which resides right next door to the Simpson’s, and principal Skinner. He is the head administrator of the elementary school that Bart and Lisa attend. The episode that I would like to evaluate is one, which consists of two parts. This episode’s main focus is the accidental discovery of oil, by the elementary school’s groundskeeper Wily. He came upon it when burying a dead rat that was a classroom pet. At first the school administrators were going to use their newfound wealth to promote educational programs for their students. They held a â€Å"suggestions† seminar and carefully listened to some students who were trying to promote some of their ideas on how the schools money should be spent, including the Lisa Simpson. She wanted to have jazz lessons implemented. This episodes main educational goal was to promote the idea of children expanding their knowledge. It actually seemed as though the television program was highly in favor of teaching viewers the value of a good education. I believe that the makers of the program were not trying to target an audience of children under twelve years of age, but viewers attending high school as well. The episodes first part was clearly devoted to promoting the fact that schools should utilize â€Å"extra† money to start new types of courses, that should take into consideration a students opinion in order for these new types programs to go over well with those attending the school in question. However, this positive aspect of the episode quickly disappeared and introduced such negative concepts as greed, aggression and hate. Mr. Burns, the chemical plant owner, caused this. He found a devious way of connecting a mile long tube from his new plant called â€Å"Slant drilling† to the elementary school. This tube was placed acute angle, which allowed him to steal the schools newly found wealth. At this point, I believe that the episode held the audience’s attention by allo... ... part of one’s life, their behavior drastically changes, which in effect allows their level of distress to become reduced (Sdorow, 624). The characters in the aforementioned program all seemed to want to justify violence; this was coined deindiviluation by psychologists. The group members become less aware of their individual behavior and even less concerned about social evaluation (Sdorow, 645). This episode, in my opinion, can be integrated into psychology as well as sociology courses. It is a great example of how people forget about the basic good of humanity when agitated and backed by others who share the same opinion. ON an elementary school level, teachers can have students act out better solutions among schoolmates. There can be a cast of Simpson’s characters being played by elementary school children, and an actual play can be shown, entitled â€Å"The Remaking of Part 2†. (The â€Å"real† ending to the Simpson’s episode? The shooter ended up being Bart and Lisa’s baby sister, Maggie. Maybe In the â€Å"remaking† they should have her sucking on a lollypop, and not pointing a gun.) BIBLIOGRAPHY Sdorow, Lester M. Psychology. 3rd ed. Madison: Brown and Benchmark, 1995

Contributions of Rome

â€Å"All roads lead to Rome. † This quote holds much truth as what Rome has left to Western Civilization is brought to light. The Roman made countless contributions to Western Civilization, but a few are the most significant of all. Rome, the most important civilization to the Western World, left a great legacy, paving the road for the spread of Christianity, forming the basis for republic, and allowing for a widespread diffusion of culture. Though not Rome's intention, it allowed Christianity to spread and flourish throughout Western Civilization.Rome, unified under one government, made possible the passing of information very quickly, thus greatly assisting the spread of Christianity. Even in the wake of persecution from such rulers as Diocletian and Maximian, Christianity continued to grow in strength. People were converted daily to this attracting faith. Men like St. Paul, who before becoming a Christian was a heavy persecutor of them, fervently preached the growing faith , adding more to their numbers.In addition, the cold religion of the Romans made Christianity extremely appealing, as Christianity offered a personal relationship with a deity who offered an everlasting life of beatitude after death. With the weakening government of Rome, the Christian church began to seize the power that the state lost, allowing more and more converts to be won over to the faith. Also, with the rise of the ruler, Constantine, who made Christianity legal, Christianity took the upper hand as Christian laws were passed and enforced.During Rome's reign, the spread of Christianity flourished, making way for Christianity to evolve from a small following of people to an accepted faith of multitudes. This incredible, though unintentional, contribution forever changed the course of history. The Roman Republic left a form of government similar to the democracy of Greece but with the ability to govern large bodies of people. Rome used a representation method, where senators r epresented groups of people, allowing for a democracy encompassing a very large population.Developed after the expulsion of the last Etruscan king, Tarqin the proud, this government was meant to prevent the development of a hereditary monarchy and did so until the rise of Augustus. It contained checks and balances to ensure that power was not too highly concentrated, much as the government in the United States of America is today. Unfortunately, the Roman Republic did not last throughout all of Rome's glory due to civil unrest, but it did leave an incredible form of government for the rest of humanity to mimic.This form of government would later prove vital to the structure of the government of the United States of America and many other countries. The republic gave the peoples of a large population a say in political issues, leaving a priceless gift to the Western World. Rome's magnificent size and its unified nature allowed for the spreading of ideas throughout Western Civilizatio n. Because of this unification of Rome, information moved like it had never before.Rome was a melting pot of cultures and customs, bringing together countless ideas to a place where these ideas could quickly be passed around like never before in history. Ideas ran rampant through the Roman Empire, mixing cultures and societies. The military fronts of the Roman Empire formed new cities, furthering cultural diffusion by Romanizing much of the Roman front, therefore leaving a permanent Roman mark. Many barbarian peoples came under the great influence of Rome, which in turn, was passed from generation to generation.Rome left an indelible mark on the Western World through its grandeur and unification. Surely, Rome has had the greatest influence on Western Civilization of all previous civilizations, leaving priceless gifts that should not be forgotten. Rome left cultures, customs, government, politics, and religion, contributions that to this day have greatly influenced Western Civilizati on. As Rome expanded on the ideas of the past and bettered them, so should the people of this world expand and elaborate on Rome's genius.